Linux – mapping to a windows share (SMB)

As per below. First you will need to install samba client.

In Fedora / Centos …

yum -y samba-client

then use the mount command to mount the share to a directory… 

mount -t cifs -n //192.168.9.70/software /mnt/sharename -o username=guest,password=

It will be similar in other distros. Remember to create the /mnt/sharename directory before trying to mount any share to the directory. Directories are created like so;

mkdir /mnt/sharename

Linux – Hard Drive Performance

Or lack of.

You must insure that your drives are using the sata driver (if they are sata disks), quickest way to check is that they will be called sda sdb etc…. and not hda hdb, as this is the default IDE driver and will slow down the performance majorly.

How to check performance;

hdparm -tT /dev/hda

Modern drives should be getting over 50MB/s easily. If your getting about 5MB/s you have the problem.

How to Fix;

I had to change the sata mode to Enhanced in the bios and disable any of the on-board IDE controllers. When rebooting all your device names will change, and you will need to edit the /etc/fstab file as appropriate.

Apparently this is due to a conflict in the drivers, and them confusing your SATA drives as standard IDE disks.

Cisco – Switch Reference

Setting up a trunk between switches

Enable Switch to enable mode
Configure Terminal Enter global configuration mode

Interface FastEthernet0/1 Entering interface configuration for port 0/1. This is where you pick the port you want to trunk.

Switchport mode trunk Set port to trunking mode.

Switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Set trunk type to 802.1q. If your switch only supports either ISL or 802.1q, this command does not exist because there is nothing to specify. This command only works when you can choose between the two.

Switchport trunk allow vlan 10-15,20 Allow only VLANs 10 through 15 and VLAN 20. It is important that you restrict the VLANs to only the ones you need for security best practices.

Exit Exit interface

Exit Exit global configuration

copy run start – save changes to nvram

Setting a switch up as a vtp client…. (VLAN client — cannot modify VLAN information)

vlan database enter vlan database

vtp client set switch vtp to client mode

vtp domain domain-name set switch to this domain – server switch will propergate vlan information across

possible to also set a password

Reset switch to factory defaults….

write erase

reload

Ensure you select NO to “do you wish to save changes”

How to make changes to multiple ports at same time;

interface range FastEthernet 0 – 23 (works on newer IOS)

Else its good ole notepad and terminal – rem that Ctrl-C (as it is sent to the session) does not work in terminial, you have to right cilck and copy. Though its easier to start a capture straight after you type show running-config, modify in notpad and paste back into config terminal.

VMWare – Converter Best Practices (p2v)

I found this on the web a while back, it sums up most of what you need to know before doing any P2V work (this generally talks about a windows physical to virtual conversion)…. 
 
 
Converter Best Practices

What should I do after I successfully convert my virtual machine?

If you change from a multi-processor system to a uni-processor system you need to manually change the HAL on the Windows server after the conversion. To do this go into Device Manager after the machine first boots and discovers it’s new hardware and then click on Computer then right-click on the processor and select Update Driver. Then select Install from specific location and then Don’t search I will choose the driver to install. Then select show All compatible hardware and select the appropriate processor. For example, if you went from a dual cpu to a single cpu then select ACPI uni-processor PC instead of ACPI multi-processor PC. You will need to reboot once you change this. To verify what HAL you are using you right-click your hal.dll in c:\windows\system32 and select the Version tab and select Internal Name and it should say halmacpi.dll for multi-processor acpi and halacpi.dll for uni-processor acpi.

Next clean up all the non-present hardware after the P2V conversion. To do this go to a CMD prompt and type;

SET DEVMGR_SHOW_NONPRESENT_DEVICES=1 

DEVMGMT.MSC

then select Show Hidden Devices. Delete any old grayed out hardware. Next remove any vendor specific applications/drivers. For example on a HP server you should go to Add/Remove programs and remove any HP management agents, survey utility, array config utility, version control agent, etc. Also check your NIC and make sure there are no vendor specific drivers there (ie. teaming). Check the Services to see if all there is anything vendor specific related there and disable any services that are.

 

Continue reading VMWare – Converter Best Practices (p2v)

VMWare Performance tips

these are tested from experience…. (the following is true on vmware server 1.0.6 on a linux host)

  • Always use only 1 Virtual CPU – i have found that most times even if you have heaps of cores to spare on the host, a single virtual core is faster.
  • Set the memory to the recommended level when possible – 256Mb sounds shit when you have 4gb, doesn’t matter – set it to 256Mb (increase only if excessive paging on the guest). Let linux and vmware manage the memory, in most cases it does a much better job than windows. Do not disable memory page trimming on any of the guests, this gives more memory back to the host to cache other more important activity (disk etc)
  • Never use 2gb split files for the virtual disk unless you have to transfer the vm onto a file system that doesn’t support larger files.
  • Load the latest drivers for your NIC on the host
  • Be nice to your physical disk – do not load all your VM’s on a single drive – the HDD is the slowest part of the system, dont saturate it. I use either a raid 0 running multiple vm’s (with backups) or dedicated drives per set of vm’s. This excludes enterprise level raids which can handle much higher level of simultaneous requests.
  • Install vmware tools on all guest machines

watch your pings – ping your guests… they should never loose a ping. If they do you are loading the cpu to high and the host cannot process the network queries. As above use only one virtual cpu. Also ensure you have the latest network driver loaded for your NIC on the host.